Authorities are investigating a partial mine collapse that resulted in the death of an underground worker in Victoria.

Kurt Hourigan, a 37-year-old miner, lost his life last week after being trapped under debris alongside another worker approximately 500 metres below the surface. A second miner, aged 21, is reportedly receiving medical treatment for significant lower body injuries. The accident put nearly 20 other miners in the vicinity at risk.

The incident has reignited concerns regarding safety protocols at the Ballarat mine, concerns that have been voiced repeatedly by unions. 

Worries emerged less than three months after the acquisition of the troubled mine by entities linked to Acheron Capital, a London-based hedge fund led by Jean-Michel Paul.

The mine's history under Shen Yao Holdings, a Singapore-listed entity until its sale in March, was fraught with controversies including allegations of safety breaches and regulatory actions halting gold processing due to inadequate waste management facilities.

At the same time, Victoria's Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action is gearing up for a criminal prosecution of Balmaine, the direct former owner of the mine, targeting close to $4 million in unpaid rehabilitation bonds. 

In response to these challenges, Lewis Hill, representing Victoria’s Earth Resources Regulator, highlighted ongoing dialogues with the mine's new owners to ensure the fulfilment of outstanding financial obligations tied to mine rehabilitation. 

This assurance, however, is yet to be materialised through additional bank guarantees.

The mining sector, particularly in Victoria, is under a magnifying glass with calls for stricter regulatory oversight echoing from both professionals within the industry and environmental groups. 

These calls for reform are driven by a pattern of safety concerns at Ballarat, spotlighting the need for a comprehensive overhaul of mining regulations in the state.

Ronnie Hayden, from the Australian Workers Union, says that operational decisions by Victory Minerals, the mine's current operator, potentially compromised safety by rendering a senior safety manager position redundant. 

However, these claims have been countered by Victory Minerals spokesperson Tim Fogarty, who says the company has an unwavering commitment to on-site safety and an enhancement of safety professional resources in the mine's recent restructuring.

As investigations by WorkSafe and police unfold, and a report for the coroner is prepared, the mining community and its stakeholders await decisive action and policy reform to avert future tragedies.