A new device could help protect against toxic gas leaks.

Researchers at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) have unveiled a groundbreaking miniature sensor capable of detecting toxic nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) at remarkably low levels. 

The development addresses key limitations in current gas sensor technology, offering improvements in size, cost, energy efficiency, and sensitivity.

The sensor, measuring just 2cm x 2cm and 0.4mm thick, leverages advanced 2D-printing techniques to achieve high sensitivity at room temperature, a feature that sets it apart from conventional sensors which often require high operating temperatures.

Gas sensors play a critical role in monitoring harmful gases in various environments, from industrial sites to urban centres. 

Nitrogen dioxide, a common pollutant resulting from combustion processes, can pose serious health risks. However, current sensors often face challenges such as high energy consumption and limited sensitivity.

“This is not just science for the sake of science. It has great potential to apply to practical uses,” says Professor Dewei Chu, a leading scientist on the project at the UNSW School of Materials Science and Engineering.

The sensor is particularly well-suited for wearable applications and scalable production.

The team used molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), a two-dimensional material known for its exceptional electronic properties, as the sensing compound. 

By combining conductive and non-conductive phases of MoS₂ and incorporating nitrogen doping, the researchers enhanced the material’s ability to detect NO₂. The sensor operates by registering changes in electrical resistance when NO₂ molecules interact with its surface.

“We’ve been exploring MoS₂ for over eight years. The integration of 2D-printing allows us to minimise production costs while creating a highly effective sensor,” Professor Chu said.

Laboratory tests demonstrated the sensor’s ability to detect NO₂ at a concentration of 10 parts per million (ppm), a level sufficient to identify harmful exposure in environments such as factories or mines. 

The device also avoids the need for high-temperature operation, significantly reducing energy consumption compared to existing models.

The team envisions the sensor’s integration into wearable air-quality monitors and industrial safety systems. 

While this innovation represents a substantial leap in sensor technology, researchers are working to expand its capabilities to detect other harmful gases.

“Broadening the range of detectable gases is a priority. Testing for substances like carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds will greatly expand the sensor’s utility,” Professor Chu says. 

More details are accessible in research published in the journal Advanced Science.

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